the US, Japan and the major European countries in order to estimate the effect of energy prices on energy … significantly positively correlated with innovation in both Japan and the EU. A tentative interpretation might be that a rise in …. Furthermore, the tax ratio, which has consistently risen in Japan and especially the EU, could be seen as an indicator for …

policy level, arguments rage about how Japan and the Japanese economy should plan for the future. In this book, leading … economists and economic historians of Japan examine a range of key issues concerning institutional and technological change in … Japan, rigorously using discipline-based tools of analysis, and drawing important conclusions as to how the process of …