We provide new evidence that equity incentives can have perverse effects on firm value. Conditioning the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) incentives and the risk exposure generated by corporate policy decisions on how risk is expected to affect firm value, we find that delta...

Using the "budget-based scheme" approach developed by Kirby et.al. (1991) and Reichelstein (1992), this paper establishes the optimal policy function in order to control "hidden actions" from managers of Public Water Utilities (PWU) regarding investments that deviate from the Optimized Business...