In the last twenty years, ERM has gained relevance in business management and was put to test in many “tail” situations, starting from the SARS outbreaks in 2003 up to recent financial crises (subprime and sovereign debt crises) and regional pandemic. Notwithstanding the lesson learnt, prima...

A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) identifies the potential effects of disruptions to an organization's critical operations if a disaster were to occur, and specifies effective response actions and quick recovery measures. In the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), BCPs served their purpose to...

This technical note and manual (TNM) addresses the following questions: What is a business continuity plan (BCP) and what are its main components? What are a BCP's key design considerations for an epidemic? What are the organizational and management arrangements for a BCP? How does a BCP...

Cash and debt management operations are part of the 'transactional' functions of public financial management. It is critical that these functions are resilient to external disruptions, ranging from information and communication technology (ICT) system outages to natural disasters. This technical...