The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union has been in a process of reform since the early 1990s. As a result of reforms, agricultural market regulations have become more liberal and direct payments have been introduced which are to a large extent decoupled from production. In...

The article evaluates the farmers' transaction costs defined as the weighted time spent on preparing their offer for two calls for tender for environmental services in agriculture which were carried out as a pilot project. Following a discussion of the specific need for research, the paper gives...