The purpose of this working paper is to delineate the correlation between decarbonization and security of supply, and to assess the sequential effect of these notions on the EU’s external gas relations. It first discusses the contribution of the gas sector to the EU’s decarbonization...

The most affected market after Russia's intervention in Ukraine is the energy market. What has happened in this market has entered a very difficult phase to predict. On the one hand, the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom want to get rid of their dependence on Russian...

This paper studies the EU's dependency on Russian gas and its challenges. Current Russia-Ukraine war results are investigated through the energy sector. And questions - Can the European Union eliminate its dependence on Russian gas? Is it possible? If possible, for how long can this dependence...

This paper investigates the development of wholesale markets for natural gas at the different stages of market liberalization. We identify three steps in the process: wholesale trade initially develops to cope with balancing needs when the shippers and suppliers segments become more fragmented;...

Natural gas infrastructures play a key role in the transition towards the new energy model, with a high share of renewable energies, both ensuring the firm capacity of electric power systems and integrating all energy vectors. The European Union (EU) strongly depends on external natural gas...