We propose a novel approach to measure the dynamic macroeconomic effects of immigration on the destination country, combining the analysis of episodes of large immigration waves with instrumental variables techniques. We distinguish the impact of immigration shocks in OECD countries from that of...

The COVID-19 pandemic altered consumption patterns significantly in a short period of time. However, official inflation statistics take time to reflect these changes in the weights of the CPI consumption basket. Using credit card data for the UK and Germany, we document how consumption patterns...

This Technical Report discusses the results of the Public Investment Management Assessment (PIMA) of the United Kingdom (UK) undertaken in April 2022. The assessment is timely as the UK plans to increase infrastructure investment in order to boost economic growth, reduce regional disparities and...

This Technical Report discusses the results of applying the climate-focused module of the Public Investment Management Assessment (PIMA) to the United Kingdom (UK) in October 2021. The UK has some of the most ambitious climate mitigation targets in the world, requiring a strong role for public...

The regulatory framework for insurance supervision in the United Kingdom is sophisticated and the authorities are leaders in supervisory techniques. Observance with the Insurance Core Principles (ICPs) is very high compared to peers with 17 ICPs observed and only 6 out of 24 ICPs determined to...

The United Kingdom faces significant money laundering threats from foreign criminal proceeds, owing to its status as a global financial center, but the authorities have a strong understanding of these risks. The authorities estimated the realistic possibility of hundreds of billions of pounds of...

There has been a very smooth post-Brexit transition, with no material disruption nor any crystalized financial stability risks. This was the result of the U.K. authorities' (and in some cases the EU authorities) and firms' extensive preparations. The U.K. authorities have been proactively...