This paper explores the relationship of immigrant citizenship ascension and the effect on the naturalized citizen's economic outcomes in Europe and North America. We offer a unique model and empirical outcomes to define optimal waiting periods for immigrant ascension to citizenship by entry...

The idea of selling membership into society is not new, but it has taken on new life with the recent proliferation globally of Immigrant Investor Programs (IIPs). These programs involve the sale of national membership privileges to wealthy foreigners. They are justified by attractive policy...

In this article, we first test theories on immigrant rights across 29 countries from Europe, Africa, the Middle East, East Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, using our Indicators of Citizenship Rights for Immigrants (ICRI) data set. We focus on trajectories of nationhood and current institutional...

Given the widespread interest in political solutions to the current problems associated with immigration, we need to have an accurate understanding of existing policies in a cross-national perspective. To explain the coming into being and effectiveness of these policies, researchers have...

This Article identifies a fundamental tension between the competing visions of “a nation of laws” and that of “a nation of immigrants.” It then proposes a way out of this stalemate by setting out a new framework that emphasizes the importance of rootedness as a basis for legal title. The...

The institution of citizenship has undergone far-reaching factual and normative changes. In two recent studies, Christian Joppke and Ayelet Shachar address complex and pressing problems underlying modern citizenship theory. Joppke and Shachar begin from different premises regarding immigration...