We characterize how public insurance schemes are constrained by hidden financial transactions. When non …-exclusive private insurance entails increasing unit transaction costs, public transfers are only partly offset by hidden private … of insurance on unobservable effort and saving choices as well as the relative cost of public and private insurance …

with effort-determined probability. We show that if insurance against a negative shock is sufficiently incomplete, then … standard functional form restrictions ensure that individual objective functions are optimized by an effort and insurance … combination that is unique and satisfies first- and second-order conditions. Modeling insurance incompleteness in terms of costly …