pt. I. Economic reforms in Brazil and the lessons from South Korea and China -- pt. II. The public, the private and the multinationals : Brazil's long road from structuralism to neo-liberalism -- pt. III. The shift towards market reforms in Brazil in the 1990s -- pt. IV. Market-oriented reforms...

Background: The global pharmaceutical industry is crucial for providing medications but faces challenges in distributing products safely, especially in tropical and remote areas. Pharmaceuticals require careful transport control to maintain quality; therefore, manufacturers must adopt optimal...

We investigate how trade shocks affect the allocation of labor across plants at the local labor market level. Using Brazil's import liberalization as a quasi-natural experiment, we uncover a new margin for the gains from trade: the reallocation of labor from smaller to larger producers in the...

This Selected Issues paper focuses on challenges and options for reform in Brazil. This paper discusses options to build on the new fiscal rule and enhance the fiscal framework. The new rule's focus on revenues carries important implementation risks, and consolidation that is more ambitious is...