This paper analyses the productivity effects of five different types of employee benefits. The IAB establishment panel for the year 2000 is used as the data set. The results of the study largely confirm the incentive theories which assume that fringe benefits have a positive impact on a firm's...

Societal changes, such as the increasing number of divorces and the high proportion of non-married couples, lead to a rising importance of individual old-age incomes above the poverty line for women. Although this goal seems increasingly attainable due to a rise in female employment...