Since the beginning of deregulation, natural gas markets have been opened up to competition, with the creation of open access to pipeline transportation and storage and unbundling of sales from pipeline transportation. However, although there is strong evidence that replacing regulation with...

Uncertain electricity load variation could incur additional costs associated with some specific decisions to resolve its impacts. Price volatility also becomes one of the major concerns for the operation planning and scheduling problem, resulted from the emergence of electricity markets. Since...