used are the ARDL approach for the individual country and the panel data analysis for the entire sample. The period … Turkey. Fourth, our panel data analyses suggest that Okun’s Law is valid for the entire MENA sample; however, our estimations … reveal that the impact of GDP growth is weak on job creation in the region. Finally, our individual and panel estimations are …

have followed different liberalization strategies, namely Asia and Latin America. A model that re-examines these questions … point of view, we apply recent panel cointegration techniques based on factor models that account for two additional … positive impact of trade openness in both Asia and Latin America although the size is smaller in the second region. We …