The negative effects of climate change are felt in the form of rising temperatures, weather variability, shifting boundaries of agro-ecosystems, the spread of invasive species and pests, and more frequent extreme weather events. Climate change reduces crop yields, the nutritional quality of most...

Environmental degradation, ranging from air and water pollution to land degradation and climate change, often generates discontent and grievances among affected populations. Such dissatisfaction with living conditions can foster political unrest, as individuals may protest publicly to voice...

In this paper, we investigate the impact of rising temperatures on firm productivity using longitudinal firm-level balance-sheet data from private sector firms in 14 European countries, combined with detailed weather data, including temperature. We begin by estimating firms' total factor...