This paper reviews data dealing with energy use in residential and commercial buildings and their determinants. Three types of data are discussed: data prepared by and for the federal government on overall trends in buildings energy use, data prepared by and for the federal government related to...

Household energy use patterns and retail energy price trends for electicity, gas, oil and coal, and gasoline are examined for the period 1950–74. The major results of this examination are listed below. 1.1. Households directly use about one-third of the Nation's total energy: 22% in their...

This paper reviews trends in residential energy use and commercial energy use for the 1950–1975 period. Historical data on energy use by type of fuel—electricity, gas, oil, other—are presented for both sectors. These energy use data are compared with data on the determinants of energy use...

Operating reserves are the front lines in the defense of electric systems against major generation and transmission outages. Operating reserves are provided by generating units that can increase their output rapidly to restore the system to generation/load balance after a major disturbance...