In the area of tax and taxation the European Union, EU Member State Greece has consistently faced non-compliance by its citizens. Greece has, therefore, in the last years, under the supervision of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), taken steps to reform its tax...

Recovery in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain is held back in part by structural barriers. Overcoming these requires structural reform and public investment. Given the limited availability of political and financial capital, prioritising reform efforts and spending is important, but difficult....

Greece, Portugal and Spain face a serious risk of external solvency due to their close to minus 100 percent of GDP net negative international investment positions, which are largely composed of debt. The perceived inability of these countries to rebalance their external positions is a major root...