products. Next, we examine four major rationales for regulatory intervention of this kind: (1) competition in the form of lower … prices and greater innovation in retail markets is desirable, (2) competition in retail markets cannot be achieved with … investment hypothesis), and (4) competition in wholesale access markets is desirable. We proceed by testing empirically the major …

the usual elements of commercial operators, ministers issuing periodic policies, a regulator, a competition authority …, have been framed without competition or economic analyses, directing commercial or state-owned operators to perform … have been by the Competition Commission as part of its work on merger control and in investigation of complaints, rather …