Was the 18th century a time period of gradual market integration? Or did the wars, famines, and criminality drive central European markets away from each other? We perform cointegration tests between four German and three Polish cities for rye markets in the 18th century, plus selected tests...

Monetary restraint in Poland does not operate in the expected manner under the conditions of predominant state ownership of both banks and industrial enterprises. With effective owners' control being prohibitively costly in the state-owned firms, "nobody's" banks continue their old lending...

Die europäischen RGW-Staaten haben seit 1965 in der weltwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsteilung erheblich an Boden verloren. Auf den Märkten der OECD betrugen die Verluste der sechs eurpäischen RGW-Länder (ohne Sowjetunion) in der Zeit von 1965 bis 1987 fast ein Drittel ihrer Marktanteile. Das...

The debate on the privatization of enterprises in Eastern Europe often presumes that enterprises are still controlled by an identifiable entity called "the state". This, however, is no longer the case. Since the demise of tight central planning, the nominally state-owned enterprises are de facto...