Equivalence scales are used to enable welfare comparisons across heterogeneous households. In this paper, we propose to use the achievement of a certain level of functioning as the identifying assumption for the derivation of equivalence scales. This will allow us not only to deal with welfare...

Based on a composite poverty indicator, the analysis of the level and evolution of multidimensional poverty in Togo between 1988 and 1998 reveals a downward trend using both relative and absolute poverty lines. Over the two periods studied, non-monetary poverty strongly increased in the rural...

We derive the asymptotic sampling distribution of various estimators frequently used to order distributions in terms of poverty, welfare and inequality. This includes estimators of most of the poverty indices currently in use, as well as estimators of the curves used to infer stochastic...