A procedure for optimizing dynamic advertising expenditures is presented in this paper, Because of the lagged effect of advertising on sales, the inter-temporal framework of optimal control theory is employed. Optimal time-paths of sales and advertising expenditures are prescribed for two...

This article reviews and analyzes the issues related to worldwide hypoxic zones and the range of economic questions sorely in need of answers. We begin by describing the extent and causes of hypoxic zones worldwide, followed by a review of the evidence concerning ecological effects of hypoxic...