The European Union grants preferential market access for sugar to a group of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP …) countries. Sugar exported under these quotas receives between two and three times the world price. These trade preferences are … better assist ACP countries by providing direct development assistance in place of sugar subsidies, for example by investing …

profitability of firms remains unclear. We reconstruct the annual financial records of Sena Sugar Estates in Portuguese East Africa … to the performance of the firm. We show that Sena Sugar Estates achieved stable and solid returns to capital, comparable …