The key findings of the United States’s Basel II Implementation Preparedness are discussed. Certain policy choices that the authorities have made or may make related to allowing banks to choose the capital regime that applies to them may open up arbitrage possibilities that the authorities...

This paper presents Detailed Assessment of the United States’s observance of Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision. The U.S. financial system is large and highly diversified. At the end-2007, total U.S. financial assets amounted to almost four and a half times the size of...

This technical note reviews the United States Federal Reserve’s oversight of payment, clearing, and settlement systems. As is typical for central banks, the Federal Reserve plays multiple and important roles in payment and settlement systems. The Federal Reserve also exercises supervisory and...

This paper discusses Selected Issues on Liquidity Risk Management in Fedwire Funds and Private Sector Payment for the United States. While an asymmetric treatment of foreign banking organizations exists regarding the calculation of the capital measure for caps and the fee deductible, policy...

This paper presents Detailed Assessment of the United States’s implementation of the International Organization of Securities Commissions’ Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation. The general preconditions for effective securities regulation in the United States are present. The...

Sound monetary and fiscal policies have contributed to making the current U.S. economic expansion the longest on record. Executive Directors welcomed these developments, and congratulated the U.S. authorities on the adoption of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which represents a much needed overhaul...

The size and sources of international spillovers of activity remain subject to significant uncertainty. This Selected Issues paper uses a new approach to differentiating these effects using disturbances to a diverse group of small industrial countries as a proxy for global shocks. The results...

This 2007 Article IV Consultation highlights that following an extended boom led by strong domestic demand, the slowdown in the United States has largely reflected a drag from residential investment as the housing market has weakened substantially. Unexpected weakness in business investment and...

This Selected Issues paper on the United States examines the effect of the structure of the mortgage market on real housing activity and housing prices. The market-based financial structure has reduced the volatility of mortgage lending. Changes in the structure of the mortgage market have...

1. Introduction -- 2. Liaoning: The Smothering Effects of Local Protectionism -- 3. Slow, Steady, Cheap, and Painless: Making Sense of China’s Bad Loan Strategy -- 4. Who Loses from Restricting Chinese Student Visas? -- 5. From Windfalls to Pitfalls: Qualcomm’s China Conundrum -- 6. In Xi We...