We model political contestation over school language policy, within linguistic communities where weak property rights … property rights protection might exacerbate such language conflicts, even as they reduce the chances of persisting with …

The essay gives an overview of how language planning and language policy can be motivated and analyzed by economic … methods. It is discussed what type of value language-related goods possess and what type of goods they are. Properties like … degrees of rivalry, exclusion, and shielding and how they can justify language planning are treated. A cost-benefit approach …

This paper investigates the economic returns to language skills and bilingualism. The analysis is staged in Kazakhstan …, a multi-ethnic country with complex ethnic settlement patterns that has switched its official state language from … bilingualism on earnings while Russian was the official state language in the 1990s. Surprisingly, the Kazakh language continues to …