, Hong Kong and Taiwan), Japan and US. The originality of the paper is the use of STAR-GARCH models, instead of standard … provide evidence for the leading role of Japan in the period 1988-1990 (pre-Japanese crisis years), whereas our results …

permits. We thus compare a tax and purely domestic tradable permits for the European Union, the U.S and Japan. Information on … for Japan and the U.S., whereas both instruments yield a similar outcome for Europe. Applying Weitzman (1974)'s framework …

Japan using a standardised questionnaire. Our data provide information from the years 1995 and 2006, for four sectors of …