exchange rate regime type (both de jure and de facto) and real exchange rate volatility serving as explanatory variables. The … findings reveal that fixed exchange rate regime and high real exchange rate volatility is promoting the foreign currency …

effect of a common currency on macroeconomic volatility can therefore be ambiguous. This study examines five Central and … volatility of real output, consumption, and investment generally correspond to events other than Eurozone accession, and Vector … Autoregressive methods show that global shocks have more of an impact on output volatility than do regional shocks or economic …

volatility at the turn of the millennium when Japanese foreign exchange intervention started to remain unsterilized …