officials (bribes) on foreign ownership of firms in Africa while controlling for other variables outside the country of origin … informal payments to the public officials has a negative and highly significant impact on foreign ownership of firms in Africa …. African leaders should therefore institute policies to control corruption in order to boost foreign investors’ confidence in …

This paper explores the flow of illicit narcotics transiting West Africa. It is divided into four sections, providing … protection and to invest drug profits from West Africa, and finally, it provides concluding remarks that could inform future …