We consider economic development of sub-Saharan Africa from the perspective of slow convergence of productivity, both … across sectors and firms within sectors. Why have 'productivity enclaves', islands of high productivity in a sea of smaller … low-productivity firms, not diffused more rapidly? We summarize and analyse three sets of factors: First, the poor …

This paper analyzes the horizontal productivity effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) from industrialized and …, and North Africa. We find strong evidence of horizontal productivity spillovers to domestic firms derived from foreign …-firm presence. However, these effects are clearly dependent on domestic firms’ absorptive capacity. The largest productivity effects …

distributive components of employment, productivity and output changes overtime in a system whereby the roles of economic structure … more low-productivity and vulnerable jobs generation. Ris-ing shares of the traditional services sector in the economy has …