This paper exploits the exogeneity of weather conditions to evaluate renewable energy (RE) subsidy programs in Germany and Spain in terms of their costs for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. We find that both the aggregate costs and the distribution of costs between energy producers and...

The European Union has set ambitious targets for emission reduction and the penetration of renewable energy, including the electricity generation sector as one of the major emitters of CO2. After a period of subsidy-driven investments, the costs of renewables decreased strongly making...

The terms “solar farm” and “wind farm” could not more perfectly demonstrate the inevitable pairing of renewable energy and agriculture as uses of land. At the same time, harvesting the sun and wind and converting both to energy forms usable to mankind are far from traditional...

Renewable generation is inherently stochastic. We develop a risk mitigation strategy by applying principles of securitization to the stochastic generation of wind and solar resources. We demonstrate the design of a risk-free tranche for the renewable assets as a risk-free service, which the...

The paper explores options for a 2050 carbon free energy future for India. Onshore wind and solar sources are projected as the dominant primary contributions to this objective. The analysis envisages an important role for so-called green hydrogen produced by electrolysis fueled by these carbon...

This study develops a theoretical framework that differentiates the shares of electricity generation between two types of renewables, solar and wind, and evaluates the impacts of technology-neutral and technology-specific renewable energy policies on state-level solar and wind deployments. Our...