Russia's import substitution policy has so far failed to have an across-the-board effect. Only a few industries, such as manufacture of metals, textiles, motor vehicles, have managed to replace some of the imported goods with domestically manufactured products. Russia's economy continues to be...

"Analyzes and explains failure of Peru's import substitution plan (1970-90). Discusses concerns with shift toward market liberalization beginning in Aug. 1990"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57

In the 1950s, many economists believed that import substitution - policies to restrict imports of manufactured goods - was the best trade strategy to promote industrialization and economic growth in developing countries. By the mid-1960s, there was widespread disenchantment with the results of...