Die Weltkonjunktur hat sich im Verlauf des Jahres unter dem Eindruck hoher Energiepreise und großer Unsicherheit deutlich abgeschwächt. Bremsend wirkt inzwischen auch die Geldpolitik, die angesichts eines auf breiter Front hohen Inflationsdrucks ausgesprochen rasch gestrafft wird. Die...

The notion of the 'Silk Road' that the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen invented in the 19th century has lost attraction to scholars in light of large amounts of new evidence and new approaches. The handbook suggests new conceptual and methodological tools for researching ancient...

This working paper provides an overview of the main markets relevant to the EIF, thereby documenting the impact of the current inflationary environment, the war in Ukraine and the aftermath of the pandemic on the SME financing environment. The publication first discusses the general market...

Replacing the US nuclear guarantee with a French nuclear umbrella for Europe would face major political and logistical challenges. Nevertheless, given the growing uncertainty in Europe and Asia, the German government should consider scenarios and options that go beyond today's deterrence...

In December 2022, the German Pension Insurance announced an estimated surplus of €2.1 billion for the past year. President Roßbach partly explained this balance was due to the 'Corona Pandemic, which has led to an increase in mortality, especially among older people'. Here, the author takes a...

European countries experienced a large increase in labor supply due to the influx of Ukrainian refugees after the 2022 Russia invasion. We study its dynamic effects in a spatial model with forward-looking households of different skills, trade, and endogenous capital accumulation. We find that...

The aim of this study is to analyse the role of social policies in different European welfare states regarding minimum income protection and active inclusion. The core focus lies on crisis resilience, i.e. the capacity of social policy arrangements to contain poverty and inequality and avoid...

The US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) promotes renewable energy and contributes to climate protection, but also offers generous tax credits and subsidies to incentivize production in the United States. While the planned generosity of the program has sparked an intense debate about potential...