Background: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) gained prevalent organizational and structural value in the modern economy. E-commerce is one of the sectors directly influenced by technological change. However, not all countries have the same opportunities to develop e-commerce...

Digital technologies sometimes create digital divides. One of the remedies for certain divides in Europe is the creation of the Digital Single Market, of which e-commerce is one of the main elements. The focus of this work is e-commerce in Spain. The current study improves substantially on...

A Digital Silk Road (DSR) strategy is increasing within the BRI since countries are expected to collaborate on emerging technology for development and trade. Digital connectivity and evolving digital economies, as can be seen in China and some BRI countries, can have a positive effect on growth....