Research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) have become an important aspect of the technology transfer process. Emanating from what is conventionally a non-commercial environment, RBSOs pose major challenges if they are to realise their potential to meet the objectives of their founders and the parent...

Various incubation strategies for spinning out companies used by European research institutes are examined.The paper focuses on two central issues: (1) a comparison of the goals and objectives of research institutions for creating new spinout ventures, and (2) the various incubation strategies...

Over the last 20 years, the resource-based view (RBV) has reached a pre-eminent position among theories in the field of strategy, but debate continues as to its precise nature. This paper contributes to the debate by critically reviewing the development of the RBV to date. The critical appraisal...

Edith Penrose argued that firms face a constraint on organic growth because of growth activities in previous periods. Central to her ideas about growth is the distinction between managerial and entrepreneurial capabilities. Growth in previous periods creates adjustment costs which are associated...

Edith Penrose's work has been widely acknowledged to have played a central role in providing the intellectual foundations of the resource-based view. This position, however, was recently challenged in a paper by Rugman and Verbeke (2002). In this paper we address the three main arguments of...

In this paper we investigate the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research within the management literature. In particular, we examine the focus and nature of knowledge, the changing salience of this knowledge and the academic influences on the knowledge. We present empirical...

Compares the relative importance of syndicationmotives across different types of venture capitalists. First, a discussion ofmotives for syndicating venture capital (VC) investments leads to theformulation of several hypotheses, two of which propose that the finance motiveis more important for...

Financial theory, resource-based theory and deal flow generation are used to explain syndication practices among venture capitalists in Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. Similar motives drive syndication in the five countries:the desire to share risk and increase portfolio...

This paper uses a large multi-country sample of venture capital firms to compare the approaches to investee valuation and sources of information used by venture capital investors in English, French and German legal systems as well as geographical regions. Different legal systems are...

Universities have two options when they formulate policies to develop new technology-based start-ups. One approach is to encourage faculty members to engage in this activity. Another avenue is to encourage surrogate (external) entrepreneurs to assume a leadership role. Based on a survey of...