The relationship between commuting distance and urban form has attracted the attention of researchers and planners for … its theoretical formalization. In this paper, the concept of « commuting possibilities » is suggested in order to clarify … this confusion. According to the proposed framework, urban form offers commuting possibilities and workers choose from …

, namely commuting. This leads to us to construct a new indicator which we call social productivity. Our conclusion is that our …

of commuting in Flanders, Regional Studies 41, 509-524. In areas with complex commuting structures, such as Flanders in …, the degree of polarization may be more useful. This degree can be measured by the number of significant commuting flows … an origin-destination matrix of between-municipality commuting data in Flanders, which allows a transparent …

to pay for reducing commuting distance is about euro 0.25 per kilometre travelled. This corresponds to a marginal … willingness to pay for reducing commuting time of about 75% of the net average hourly wage. For females, the willingness to pay is …

To what extent does commuting reduce urban – rural and regional wage disparities? This question is addressed by … and Latvia commuting has significantly narrowed the ceteris paribus wage gap between capital city and rural areas, as well … country-specific skills composition of rural – urban commuting flows and wage discrimination against rural residents in …

This paper investigates recent commuting trends in American workers. Unlike most studies of commuting that rely on … Census data, this study utilizes the unique American Time Use Survey to detail the complex commuting patterns of modern … while carpooling has rebounded. The results from the multi-nominal logistic estimation of workers' commuting choices yield …

-range� commuting. In the period 1990-2005, migration inflows have increased in the Centre North, both in short- and long …