This study examines the impact of R&D investment on firm performance. This study limits the time frame from 2016 to 2021, and the data sample is the basic data of listed companies active in South America during these six years. Unlike previous studies, these six years included the outbreak and...

While the literature on democratization has devoted considerable attention to the concept of modes of transition, the attempts to explain the prospects of democratic consolidation as a consequence of the mode of transition have been inconclusive. Revisiting this debate, this article argues that...

An outstanding historic example of development of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) involves the transition among the forest dwellers of Indonesia early this [20th] century, from gathering native forest rubbers to cultivating Para rubber fHevea brasiliensis), introduced from South America. The...

The experience of the European Union is the most significant and far-reaching among all attempts at regional integration. It is, therefore, the most likely to provide some lessons for those world regions that are just beginning this complex process. In turn, the Common Market of the South...

We examine the behavior of money, inflation, and output under fiat and commodity standards to better understand how changes in monetary policy affect economic activity. Using long-term historical data for 15 countries, we find that, under fiat standards, the growth rates of various monetary...

The dispute over the Silala (or Siloli) Basin, shared by Bolivia and Chile, illustrates the importance of history, the role of indigenous communities, and the effects of differences in national socio-economic philosophies informing water resource management in international negotiations...