This paper was prepared as a background document to the OECD-European Commission Seminar on ‘When to use financial instruments” held on 28 June 2017 at the OECD Headquarters in Paris, France. It sets a basis for reflection and discussion. This seminar is part of a five-part seminar series in...

This paper sets out the theoretical foundations for a leniency programme, the key pre-conditions for a leniency policy to work, the challenges of coordinating leniency programmes with other cartel enforcement policies and deals with challenges that companies and competition authorities face for...

The report reviews the available evidence, which is at times scant, but generally points in a similar direction. Girls and women are often affected more negatively by environmental damage, and poor women in low income countries are typically the worst affected. The report also elucidates how...

The OECD Competition Committee held a roundtable on Promoting Compliance with Competition Law in June 2011. This document includes an executive summary of that discussion and the documents from the meeting: an issues paper by the OECD and written submissions from Australia, Bulgaria, Canada,...

This paper was prepared as a background note for a discussion held in December 2014 on the Use of Markers in Leniency Programmes. It focuses on markers which are particular feature of some leniency programmes that records the date and time of an application to establish the applicant’s...

This paper considers a variety of anti-competitive conducts undertaken by State-Owned Enterprises, identifies the main challenges for competition authorities in these types of investigation, the factors that create those difficulties, and if, and how, they might result in under enforcement. It...

This paper, a collaborative effort between the OECD LEED Trento Centre, the Emilia Romagna Region, and ERVET, aims to identify policy needs and priorities in the Adriatic-Ionian macro-region. Emphasizing locally-tailored approaches over top-down programs, it explores how integrated policies can...

The OECD Competition Committee discussed Remedies in cross-border merger cases in October 2013. This document includes an executive summary of that debate and the documents from the meeting, an analytical note by the OECD Secretariat, written submissions from Australia, Brazil, Canada, the...

This paper discusses the role of merger control in dynamic markets and identifies the main practical proposals that have been made to adapt the different stages of the review process to take into account market dynamics over time. It was prepared as background for a discussion on merger control...

This paper was prepared for the OECD-IEA Climate Change Expert Group (formerly called the Annex I Expert Group) for the purpose of providing useful and timely input on specific topics relevant to international negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)....