The European continent is warming at more than twice the global average. The human and economic costs of higher temperature and more frequent and extreme natural disasters-already substantial in Europe-are expected to increase further unless suitable adaptation strategies are implemented. This...

Following the 2022 energy crisis, this paper investigates whether Europe's ongoing efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions can also enhance its energy security. The global computational general equilibrium model analysis finds that individual policy tools, including carbon pricing, energy...

Three years after the COVID-19 crisis, employment and total hours worked in Europe fully recovered, but average hours per worker did not. We analyze the decline in average hours worked across European countries and find that (i) it is not cyclical but predominantly structural, extending a...