The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the reliability of patent data as a measure of innovative activity. The authors compare the relationship between the number of patented inventions, market structure, and firm size. In general, the results support the validity of patent counts as...

The U.S. Congress created the Small Business Innovation Research program in 1982 in response to the loss of American competitiveness in global markets. Congress mandated that each federal agency allocate approximately 4% of its annual budget to fund innovative small firms to help restore...

The purpose of this article is to explain the role that spatial externalities play in the current thinking about innovative activity. Geographic space has evolved from being largely neglected in the study of innovative activity to being an integrating unit of observation for analysis. Geographic...

Partnerships between universities and industrial firms can play a key role in enhancing competitiveness because they provide a conduit for the spillover of knowledge from the academic organization where knowledge is created to the firm where it is transformed into innovative activity. We set...

This article discusses the Lisbon Agenda from the perspective of entrepreneurship policy. After a brief overview of the events leading up to the development of the Lisbon Agenda, the authors describe the goals and content of this policy framework as well as of the structural funds. Using...

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and synthesis of the determinants of the innovative advantage of cities. The starting point of this analysis is the traditional model of the knowledge production function, which links knowledge inputs to innovative outputs. The role of...

Industrialization has long been seen as the answer to underdevelopment and poverty. First this led countries to follow protectionist import substitution policies but as these failed developing countries have opened up to trade and FDI and tried to follow strategies of export driven...

Your father most likely enjoyed the security of life-time employment with a major corporation. No more. While the previous generation had an average of four employers over the course of their lifetimes, the current generation will hold four different jobs by the time they reach 30. One of their...

Public policy spanning a broad range of contexts, ranging from the European Union, to states, cities and local communities around the globe, has turned to entrepreneurship to provide the engine for economic growth, competitiveness in globally linked markets, and jobs. This book explains why...