We describe the common financing challenges faced by micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in India and some important measures taken to address them, with a focus on the credit rating scheme implemented in 2000. We examine the usefulness as well as the limitations of the scheme,...

This study tests for financial constraints on Ramp;D investment and how they differ from capital investment. To identify constraints in the access to external capital, we employ a credit rating index. Our models show that internal constraints, measured by mark-ups, are more decisive for Ramp;D...

Vorteile: Frühzeitig auf strengere Regeln der Kreditvergabe durch Banken ab 2013 vorbereitet sein Optimierung von Risikopositionen für Kreditverhandlungen Beiliegende CD mit einem Excel-Sheet zum Selbstrating. Zum Werk: Finanzierungsentscheidungen größeren Umfangs sind immer mittelfristig zu...

In this paper, we investigate how personal bankruptcy law affects small firms' access to credit. When a firm is unincorporated, its debts are personal liabilities of the firm's owner, so that lending to the firm is legally equivalent to lending to its owner. If the firm fails, the owner has an...