Russian governments to influence family formation models and fertility levels, in order to improve the demographic situation … spheres (maternity/paternity leaves, workplace flexibility measures), fertility promotion, childbearing and childcare support …

undesirable, and where there is imperfect fertility control, leading to involuntary childlessness/parenthood. Using an equivalent … consumption approach in the consumption-fertility space, we first show that the identification of the worst-off individuals is not … robust to how the social evaluator fixes the reference fertility level. Adopting the ex post egalitarian social criterion …