This article surveys the literature and adds to the evidence on the impact of employment protection legislation on employment. While stringent employment protection contributes to less turnover and job reallocation, the effects on aggregate employment and unemployment over the business cycle are...

Seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskrieges durchläuft die europäische Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik eine Zeitenwende: Verteidigungsausgaben werden erhöht, kritische Fähigkeitslücken geschlossen. Die Nato stellt ihre Vitalität unter Beweis, im Rahmen der EU handeln die...

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of jobs and innovation. This paper examines the prevalence of entrepreneurship across Europe and characteristics of those who become entrepreneurs. We place a particular focus on the distinction between opportunity and necessity motivations for becoming...

Die Stärkung der Arbeitnehmer- und Gewerkschaftsrechte betrachtet das Europäische Parlament als grundlegende Instrumente für Demokratie und Inklusion. Während die Mitgliedsstaaten verpflichtet sind, Tarifautonomie und Mitspracherechte der Beschäftigten in ihre Rechtsordnung zu...

Using firm-level data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, the paper investigates, across 8 European and Central Asian countries, the hypothesis that female entrepreneurs are more likely to exhibit green behaviour, by adopting new and more environmentally friendly and/or energy efficient...

This paper analyses the job retention schemes implemented in response to the Covid-19 crisis, showing quantitative trends and differences in terms of expenditure on the schemes and the number of workers involved. The key focus is on a qualitative analysis of the schemes' key properties. In order...

This working paper identifies some key areas of policy intervention for advancing socially sustainable and fair solutions for freelancers working in the creative industries, who are among those have suffered the most from the economic fallout of the Covid‑19 pandemic. In particular, we focus...

This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between patterns of integration in global value chains (GVCs), the 'quality' of such integration in terms of technological capabilities and the structure of employment in European countries and sectors. We study employment shares in...