A growing literature examines the effects of poverty, inequality and polarization on civil war but analyses typically …-coded data on 15 000 conflict deaths spread over a decade with small-area estimates of poverty and inequality for almost 4000 … of the number of deaths. Higher local poverty rates are negatively related to an increased risk of conflict and deaths …

The problem of poverty, both in theory and practice, gained a new meaning with the beginning of the transformation of … evaluating anti‑poverty programs should be preceded by identifying who is considered poor. Defining poverty is the first and a … key step in measuring its characteristics, e.g., its intensity. Hence, the choice of a specific definition of poverty is …