How does the external strategic environment of a territory affect the power balance between its state and society? We consider the case of the peripheral Mediterranean island of Corsica and its relationship to Genoa, its formal sovereign, in the Early modernity (1358-1497). We develop a novel...

This paper investigates the biological standard of living toward the end of Spanish rule. We investigate levels, trends, and determinants of physical stature from the birth cohorts of the 1860s to the 1890s using data on 23,000 Filipino soldiers enlisted by the U.S. military between 1901 and...