Taking listed companies of strategic emerging industries as the research subject, this paper uses KZ index to measure the degrees of financing constraints and financial intermediary as well as the stock market to represent the level of financial development. Then empirical models are constructed...

This article considers the relationship between finance and the contribution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to macroeconomic performance. The general characteristics of ICT firms, especially their often 'high risk, high return' nature, suggest equity finance is more...

We provide a comprehensive review of firms’ financing channels (internal and external, domestic and international) around the globe, with the focus on alternative finance—financing from all the non-market, non-bank external sources. We argue that while traditional financing channels,...

The present study analyses the relationship between financial development and growth for a sample of 28 less developed countries covering 1997-2019. In view of the cross-country correlation and country heterogeneity in the data, it uses CS-ARDL approach to fit Mean Group and Pooled Mean Group...