The "ladder of investment" is a regulatory approach proposed by Martin Cave (2006), which has been widely embraced by national regulatory authorities in the European telecommunications sector. The approach entails providing entrants, successively, with different levels of access - the "rungs" of...

Liberalisation and Regulation in Telecommunication Markets -- Theoretical Approaches on Strategic Investment Decisions in Regulated Markets -- Development of a Framework -- Explorative Case Studies on Strategic Investment Decisions and Regulation in European Broadband -- Findings on Strategic...

The model of liberalisation of European telecommunications markets had followed what has become known as the "ladder of investment" (LoI) hypothesis: under this hypothesis entrants are expected to make progressively greater investments in their own networks, whilst decreasing their dependence on...

The model of liberalisation of European telecommunications markets had followed what has become known as the "ladder of investment" (LoI) hypothesis: under this hypothesis entrants are expected to make progressively greater investments in their own networks, whilst decreasing their dependence on...

We study the impact of the access charges of copper and fiber unbundling on an incumbent's incentives to invest in fiber access networks. Once the fiber deployment is in place, the incumbent and the entrant compete for consumers in both copper and fiber markets. We show that when the regulator...