exposure to the Communist ideology shaped an individual's choice to join the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the party …-century China's most important wars. Our identification strategy exploits the locality-time-content variation in the circulation of … ideology channel were less likely to quit the CCP and more likely to sacrifice their lives. Additionally, we document that …

surveys, spanning eleven years, to answer this question with respect to labour market rewards in urban China. We conceptualize …