We investigate cooperative investment in a new infrastructure and how it interacts with access obligations and demand … uncertainty. Co-investment only increases total coverage if service differentiation and/or cost savings from joint investment, in … particular due to high uncertainty, are high. Mandated access reduces incentives for co-investment not only through lower returns …

investment. Obstacles to investments arise in particular from regulatory risk and efficiency risk. Addressing these topics, we …-based regulation to strengthen the necessary investment incentives. Regulatory emphasis is shifting from costreductions to promoting … recommend a move towards more cost-based approaches, with ex-ante investment approval and less reliance on ex-post benchmarking. …

traditions and is shown to apply well to electricity transmission pricing and investment. In particular, it induces immediately … optimal pricing/investment but is not based on subsidies. In the transmission application, the H-RG- V approach is based on a … convergence of the two traditions. We suggest ways to deal with remaining practical issues of demand and cost functions changing …