This paper starts with a review of the literature about National Systems of Innovation (NSI), by linking the origin of the concept to the evolutionary theory of the firm and innovation. The first point reviews the flaws of the NSI concept by looking at the pioneering works of Chris Freeman,...

There were radical changes in national specialization during the 20th century: Germany's loss of dominance to the United States' and United Kingdom in much of the chemicals industry; the United States loss of dominance partly to Germany and the collapse of the United Kingdom, in motor vehicles....