In this retrospective, we revisit the goals of the original paper, and we review the studies that have used our paper to discuss the “concept” and the “development” of absorptive capacity. We also propose directions for future research, stressing the need to develop thorough theoretical...

Based on a sample of 169 subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the USA, Russia, and Finland, this paper investigates the relationship between MNC subsidiary HRM practices, absorptive capacity and knowledge transfer. First, we examine the relationship between the...

We conceptualize the transfer of organizational practices from headquarters to subsidiaries of multinational corporations as encompassing three dimensions: implementation, integration and internalization. To shed light on the distinct natures of the different dimensions of transfer we examine...

Government pressures are thought to influence multinational companies' strategies. This study analyzes central government pressures regarding MNCs in China since 1990, particularly the pressures concerning operational modes utilized by foreign companies investing in China. The methodology...