We analyze the effect of a major central bank digital currency (CBDC) - the digital euro - on the payment industry to … firms increase in response to positive announcements on the digital euro. Bank stocks do not react. We estimate a loss in …

ocedures (EDP) since the euro's introduction. As such, this paper presents the outcome of various econometric tests based on …

prospect of currency panic afforded great political influence to bankers, who used it to push for austerity, deflationary …

others used the gravity model on a much smaller data set to estimate the effects of the euro on trade among its members. The … that were estimated in the euro's first four years hold up in the second four years? The answer is yes. Second, and more … complicated, what is the reason for the big discrepancy vis-à-vis other currency unions? We investigate three prominent possible …

endogenous Optimal Currency Area (OCA) theory, of the main potential explanatory factors of the dynamics of this measure over … endogenous OCA theory imply that euro membership and more flexible product market regulations (or trade openness) make countries …