-ordered racial hiring quotas imposed on municipal police departments. My best estimate of the effect of court-ordered affirmative …. Evidence on police performance is mixed. Despite substantial black-white test score differences on police department entrance … examinations, city crime rates appear unaffected by litigation. However, litigation lowers slightly both arrests per crime and the …

-ordered racial hiring quotas imposed on municipal police departments. My best estimate of the effect of court-ordered affirmative …. Evidence on police performance is mixed. Despite substantial black-white test score differences on police department entrance … examinations, city crime rates appear unaffected by litigation. However, litigation lowers slightly both arrests per crime and the …

This paper identifies the individual components of social harm associated with a hypothetical racially motivated police … encounter. An individual who believes they are being targeted by police because they are a member of a racial minority may … racially targeted for a police encounter also causes harm to other members of the minority group even if they are not directly …

serious crime more than white arrestees. The racial discrepancy is greater for agencies serving cities with higher per …

serious crime more often than white arrestees. The racial discrepancy is greater for agencies serving cities with higher per …