In this article, we review the reduction in healthcare costs associated with a health maintenance organization (HMO)-sponsored diabetes disease management program in Pennsylvania, USA. The program emphasizes primary care-based nurse education and case management of patients with diabetes...

While disease management may be viewed with skepticism, suspicion, or outright hostility, there are several reasons why this approach to care may warrant physician support. The care of patients with chronic illness in usual primary care practice is beset by significant quality gaps, and...

Objective: To describe the cost savings achieved in a health maintenance organization (HMO)-sponsored primary care-based case management and disease management programs. Methods: The HMO-sponsored programs recruited patients in the primary care setting and relied on clinical guidelines and...